Valuation Glossary

Gain from bargain purchase occurs when a company acquires another company for less than the fair value of its identifiable net assets. This situation can arise during business combinations where the purchase price is lower than the net fair value of the acquired assets minus liabilities.

The full fair value method is an accounting approach used to measure the fair value of non-controlling interests (NCI) in a subsidiary at the acquisition date. Under this method, the entire subsidiary, including both the controlling interest (owned by the parent company) and the non-controlling interest, is valued at fair value.

Free cash flow (FCF) is the amount of cash a company generates after deducting its expenses and investments. It shows how much cash is available to the company for things like expanding the business, paying dividends, or reducing debt. Positive FCF means the company is making more cash than it spends, while negative FCF means it's spending more than it makes. FCF is an important measure of a company's financial health and its ability to generate cash.

Forced liquidation value refers to the amount of money you could get from selling something quickly and under urgent circumstances. It's usually lower than the normal value because you might have to sell it at a discount to attract buyers in a hurry. This value is used when there's a need to sell assets quickly, like in financial distress or bankruptcy situations. It takes into account the costs of the sale and represents a conservative estimate of what you could get in a forced sale.

Financial statement reformulation is the process of reorganizing and adjusting a company's financial statements to provide a clearer and more meaningful analysis of its financial performance and condition.